職稱英語(yǔ)《綜合A》閱讀理解試題及答案(2)

text three

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Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing?

In today's knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best. Japanese design electronics while Germans export engineering techniques. The French serve the best food and Americans make computers.

Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn't manufacture much of anything. But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk, talk and more talk.

The World Foundation think tank says the UK's four iconic jobs today are not scientists, engineers,teachers and nurses. Instead, they're hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants and managers.

But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can.

Although the country's trade deficit was more than —— 60 billion in 2006, UK's largest in the postwar period, officials say the country has nothing to worry about. In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industry, and it still makes a *** all sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rockn' roll is an English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy.

However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK's exports of goods and services. The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts. The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in "innovation activities", 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (61 percent) and Sweden (47 percent).

In fact, it might be better to call Britain a "servant" economy -- there are at least 4 million people "in service". The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook,clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector -- in shops, bars, hotels, domestic service and in nursing and care homes.

36. According to the World Foundation think tank, one of the iconic jobs in Britain today is

A. law makers.

B. business consultants.

C. home servants.

D. school teachers.

37. The phrase "the cutting edge" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

A. the most popular.

B. the most political.

C. the most advanced.

D. the proudest.

38. The officials are not worried about the trade deficit in 2006, because they believe

A. Britain is home to the largest pharmaceutical industry in the world.

B. the literary tradition of Britain will help make billions of pounds.

C. Britain is one cutting edge of the knowledge economy.

D. the world economy is strong enough to carry the Britain economy.

39. Which of the following is true about the creative industries in Britain?

A. They contribute a lot to the country's trade deficit.

B. They are not doing as well as those in other European nations. '

C. They can't make a profit out of their innovation activities.

D. They make Britain on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy.

40. It can be inferred from the passage that

A. the gift of talking can keep the British economy growing.

B. the British government is over-confident in its economy.

C. the British economy is the least innovative one in the EU.

D. being a servant to the rich is one of the best jobs in Britain.

text four

What's Killing the Bats

First it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus), but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the *** all-footed hat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In some cases, more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died.

One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌) known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists don't know if the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death, or not a cause at all, but the result of some other conditions.

Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths (蛾), and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats can't eat enough food, they starve to death.

Still other scientists believe that global warming is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating (冬眠) bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats.

Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off, but they do agree on the consequences.

Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there aren't enough bats, damage will be great from the insects theyeat. While bats live a long time for their size -- the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years- a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangered.

How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bate that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your local Fish Wildlife Department with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals.

31. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. All species of bats in North America are dying.

B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of bats.

C. The bat deaths are a serious problem.

D. There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats.

32. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?

A. Bees have been dying mysteriously.

B. The first article on the website is about bees.

C. Bees usually die before bats.

D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats.

33. The word "pipistrelle" in Paragraph 1 refers to

A. a kind of fungus.

B. an area in the U.S.

C. a special cave.

D. a kind of bat.

34. The "moths" in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example of

A. diseases that kill bats.

B. Insects that bats eat.

C. animals that have diseases.

D. bat species that are starving to death.

35. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

A. To get people to stop killing bats.

B. To hire workers for the Fish Wildlife Department.

C. To ask people not to touch dead bats.

D. To tell the public how to help bats.

職稱英語(yǔ)理工類閱讀判斷專項(xiàng)試題及答案(2)

練習(xí)：

1.The country says that the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country’s chip industry.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

2.That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

3.Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

4.Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

5.Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

6.Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

7.More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

答案與題解：

1.B　本題給出的信息是錯(cuò)誤的。最后一段說(shuō)到，如果新建的芯片中心能在改善該國(guó)在芯片行業(yè)的被動(dòng)形勢(shì)中起重要作用，該國(guó)認(rèn)為：“... the US $14 million investment is still rather *** all”。

2.C　文章沒(méi)有提供這方面的信息。

3.B　文章提到專利費(fèi)較高，此句說(shuō)較低，與原意不符。

4.A　本題給出的信息是正確的。第二段有這樣一句話：Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.這就是選A的依據(jù)。

5.C　文章沒(méi)有提供這方面的信息。

6.A　選A的依據(jù)是第三段之一句：... mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years ...

7.B　本題給出的信息是錯(cuò)誤的。第四段第二句說(shuō)明，這些芯片工廠的技術(shù)主要是從日本和新加坡進(jìn)口的。

譯文：微芯片研究中心成立

為了開(kāi)發(fā)先進(jìn)的微芯片生產(chǎn)技術(shù)，這個(gè)遠(yuǎn)東國(guó)家建立了一個(gè)研究中心，該中心啟動(dòng)資金為一千四百萬(wàn)美元，可以幫助該國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)自己的芯片工業(yè)，不必總是依賴于進(jìn)口技術(shù)。

該中心將會(huì)應(yīng)用自己的研究技術(shù)和設(shè)施，為本國(guó)芯片廠家開(kāi)發(fā)新技術(shù)。這個(gè)國(guó)家名列首位的芯片制造公司說(shuō)，芯片中心的成立可能使這個(gè)國(guó)家擺脫從他國(guó)購(gòu)買(mǎi)即將淘汰的.技術(shù)的困境。由于許多外國(guó) *** 擔(dān)心先進(jìn)技術(shù)會(huì)被用于軍事目的，不允許這個(gè)國(guó)家的芯片生產(chǎn)廠家進(jìn)口前沿技術(shù)，所以這些生產(chǎn)廠家處于一種被動(dòng)局面。另外，由于這些芯片生產(chǎn)廠家必須向技術(shù)提供者支付高額的許可費(fèi)，這也構(gòu)成了他們決定要自力更生的一個(gè)重要原因。

由于主流芯片生產(chǎn)技術(shù)每隔 3～5年就要進(jìn)行更新?lián)Q代，所以掌握了新技術(shù)的廠家就可以以較低的成本制造出較好的芯片，而那些耗費(fèi)數(shù)十億美元建立起的廠家，如果設(shè)備落后，也將會(huì)被生產(chǎn)商所淘汰。

幾個(gè)芯片廠正在建立之中，每個(gè)廠的造價(jià)都在幾百萬(wàn)美元，其中大部分資金都流向了海外設(shè)備商和技術(shù)所有者——主要是日本和新加坡。

如果新建的芯片中心能在改變?cè)搰?guó)芯片行業(yè)的被動(dòng)形勢(shì)中起到重要作用，該國(guó)承認(rèn)，一千四百萬(wàn)美元的投資仍是微不足道的。該國(guó)正在開(kāi)發(fā)綜合技術(shù)，大部分投資將用于與技術(shù)和知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)所有者建立聯(lián)盟。

Text three

The Biology of Music

Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate. It may also play an important role in love. But what is music, and how does it work its magic? Science does not yet have all the answers.

What are two things that make humans different from animals? One is language, and the other is music. It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people). However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited. It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments. 1

Music is strange stuff. It is clearly different from language. However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions. When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication. But, biologically speaking, what is music?

If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain. The scientific evidence suggests that this is true.

Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language. However, they don’t automatically lose their musical abilities. For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer，had a stroke in 1953. It injured the left side of his brain. He could no longer speak or understand speech. He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later. On the other hand，sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech. This shows that the brain processes music and language separately.

By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions. But why does music have such a strong effect on us? That is a harder question to answer. Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection. Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability. That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate. For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control. You also need a good memory to remember the notes. And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition. Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa)， it may be a way of showing off.

However, Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply. For scientists，this is clearly an area that needs further research.

詞匯：

automatically .自動(dòng)地

note 音符

stroke 中風(fēng)

注釋：

1.It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments：人研制出了樂(lè)器，而動(dòng)物則不能。Develop：研制，例如：Scientists are developing new drugs to treat cancer.科學(xué)家們正在研發(fā)新藥用以治療癌癥。

練習(xí)：

1.Humans, but not animals, can sing.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

2.People can use music to communicate their emotions.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

3.We use the same part of the brain for music and language.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

4.Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

5.It’s hard for humans to compose music.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

6.Memory is not an important part in singing in tune.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

7.Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans.

A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

答案與題解：

1.B　第二段的第三句：It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people).可以看出有些動(dòng)物會(huì)唱歌，而不只人類會(huì)唱歌。

2.A　第三段的第三句：However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions.這句清楚表明，人們可以用音樂(lè)來(lái)表達(dá)情感。

3.B　第四段說(shuō)明：科學(xué)證明人們用大腦的不同區(qū)域處理語(yǔ)言和音樂(lè)。在第五段，作者用Vissarion Shebalin的例子進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明人腦處理語(yǔ)言和音樂(lè)的位置不同，Shebalin中風(fēng)以后不能講話也聽(tīng)不懂別人的話，但他卻能創(chuàng)作樂(lè)曲。

4.A　第六段的第四句：Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College，London，thinks that music and love have a strong connection.這句說(shuō)明Miller對(duì)音樂(lè)和愛(ài)(情感)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了研究，他得出的結(jié)論是：音樂(lè)和愛(ài)有密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。

5.C　文中沒(méi)有提及創(chuàng)作樂(lè)曲是否困難。

6.B　第六段有一句：You also need a good memory to remember the notes.此句說(shuō)明必須具備好的記憶力記音符才能唱得符合調(diào)子。

7.A　最后一段講的是：科學(xué)家們需要做更多的研究才能解釋為什么有些聲音影響我們的情感會(huì)如此之深。也就是說(shuō)，科學(xué)家不能全部解釋音樂(lè)對(duì)人類的影響。

譯文：音樂(lè)生物學(xué)

人們把音樂(lè)作為一種高效的交流方式，在愛(ài)情中它也可能會(huì)起到重要的作用。但是音樂(lè)是什么?它又是如何起到神奇的效果?科學(xué)界還沒(méi)有給出答案。

哪兩項(xiàng)事物使得人類不同于動(dòng)物?一個(gè)是語(yǔ)言，另一個(gè)是音樂(lè)。當(dāng)然一些動(dòng)物會(huì)唱歌 (并且許多鳥(niǎo)唱得比很多人都好聽(tīng)) ，但是，動(dòng)物的歌聲是有限的，比如鳥(niǎo)類和鯨魚(yú)。同樣，是人類而不是動(dòng)物開(kāi)發(fā)出了樂(lè)器。

音樂(lè)是個(gè)奇怪的東西，它與語(yǔ)言有明顯的不同。但是，人們能夠用音樂(lè)去傳達(dá)——尤其是情感。當(dāng)音樂(lè)與歌曲中的語(yǔ)言結(jié)合在一起的時(shí)候，它就是一種強(qiáng)有力的表達(dá)方式。但是，從生物學(xué)來(lái)講，音樂(lè)是什么?

如果音樂(lè)與語(yǔ)言真的不同，那么我們應(yīng)該在大腦的不同區(qū)域內(nèi)對(duì)音樂(lè)和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行加工處理，科學(xué)證據(jù)也證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)。

有時(shí)，受過(guò)腦損傷的人會(huì)喪失他們處理語(yǔ)言的能力。但是，他們不會(huì)自動(dòng)地丟失音樂(lè)才能。比如，維沙翁·舍巴林，一位蘇聯(lián)作曲家，在1953 年得了中風(fēng)。他的大腦的左半邊受到損害，他再也不能說(shuō)話或是理解別人的話，但是他仍然能夠譜曲，直到十年后他離開(kāi)人世。另一方面，中風(fēng)有時(shí)會(huì)使人們喪失音樂(lè)能力，但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌蛘f(shuō)話也能聽(tīng)懂別人的話。這就說(shuō)明大腦是分別加了處理音樂(lè)和語(yǔ)言的。

通過(guò)研究音樂(lè)在人身體上的物理效應(yīng)，科學(xué)家也了解到許多關(guān)于音樂(lè)是如何影響情感的。但是，為什么音樂(lè)對(duì)我們有如此強(qiáng)烈的影響?這是一個(gè)更難回答的問(wèn)題。倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的研究員杰弗里·米勒認(rèn)為音樂(lè)和愛(ài)有緊密的關(guān)，音樂(lè)需要特殊才能、練習(xí)和體能。這也許是一種方式讓你展示你適合做某人的伴侶。比如，按調(diào)唱歌或者彈奏樂(lè)器需要有很好的肌肉控制力。你也需要有好的記憶力來(lái)記住音符。能正確地演奏或者唱出這些音符也證明你的聽(tīng)力也非常好。所以，當(dāng)一個(gè)男人唱給他心愛(ài)的女人時(shí)(反之亦然) 音樂(lè)就可能成為一種展示的方式。

然而，米勒的理論仍然不能解釋為什么聲音的特定結(jié)合可以深深地影響我們的情感。對(duì)于科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，這顯然是一個(gè)需要深入研究的領(lǐng)域。

職稱英語(yǔ)《衛(wèi)生B》專項(xiàng)試題及答案(2)

part C

Medical Education

In 18th century colonial America, those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London, Paris and Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at King's College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine.

Following the American Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of King's College) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division of Columbia University.

In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary (私營(yíng)的 ) schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of which had 10W standards and poor facilities. In 1910 Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, the American Medical Association(AMA) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connection with teaching hospitals,and licensing of medical practitioners (開(kāi)業(yè)醫(yī)師) that survive to this day.

By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 1,424 medical colleges recognized by the Liaison(聯(lián)絡(luò)) Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. D. degree; during the 1987-1988 academic year, 47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship ( 實(shí)習(xí)期 ) , receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners.

1. In 18th century America, higher institutions of learning that taught medicine __________.

A. did not exist

B. were few in number

C. were better than those in Europe

D. were known for their teaching hospitals

2. Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in America __________.

A. had established professionals

B. had good facilities

C. had high standards

D. were in poor conditions

3. The AMA and AAMC established standards so as to __________.

A. recruit more students

B. set up more schools of medicine

C. ensure the quality of medical teaching and practice

D. prevent medical schools from making huge profits

4. After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practice __________.

A. if they have worked in a laboratory

B. if they have studied abroad for some time

C. if they have obtained an M. D. degree

D. if they have passed an examination

5. This passage is mainly about __________.

A. how medicine is taught in America

B. how medical education has developed in America

C. how the American educational system works

D. how one can become a good doctor

答案與解析

part A

1. C。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：研究的目標(biāo)是發(fā)現(xiàn)新的 *** 來(lái) __________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到短文的第二段，提到了此項(xiàng)研究的goal，即aim，這便是learning new ways to treat or prevent illness。

2. D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：研究者收集了下列東西，除了 __________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到短文的第四段。第四項(xiàng)應(yīng)該是“參加研究的婦女及其嬰兒家中的空氣與水等物質(zhì)”，而

不是“醫(yī)院中的空氣與水”。

3. A。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：通過(guò)研究，國(guó)家的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用期望可以 __________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到短文的第六段，即預(yù)計(jì)從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的角度講，此項(xiàng)研究將有利于節(jié)約國(guó)家衛(wèi)生保健費(fèi)用的開(kāi)支。

4. B。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：參與者的嬰兒會(huì)被跟蹤調(diào)查 __________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到短。文的倒數(shù)第三段，即這些嬰兒將從出生前一直被跟蹤到21歲。

5. D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：下列關(guān)于研究參與者的說(shuō)法哪一項(xiàng)是不正確的?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到最后一段。前三項(xiàng)在短文的最后一段都有提及，只有第四項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象都是懷孕的婦女，不可能是所有年齡段的人們。

part B

1. A。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：為什么遠(yuǎn)古的火山爆發(fā)比近期的火山爆發(fā)破壞性更大?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到之一段：古代的火山更具破壞力，不是因?yàn)樗鼈兏螅且驗(yàn)樗鼈冡尫懦龅亩趸几茌p易地毀滅生命。

2. D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：Wignall是如何計(jì)算出遠(yuǎn)古火山爆發(fā)的殺傷力的?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第二段。第二段有這樣一句話：He calculated the“killing efficiency”for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced.(他通過(guò)比較火山釋放出的熔巖的體積與殺死生命的比例計(jì)算這些火山的殺傷力)。

3. D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：恐龍是什么時(shí)候滅絕的?利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第三段。其中有這么一句話：He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago，because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid.(他沒(méi)有提及6500萬(wàn)年前恐龍的滅絕，因?yàn)樵S多科學(xué)家相信恐龍的滅絕是受一顆小行星的影響)。

4. D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：從第三段還可以推導(dǎo)出有關(guān)恐龍的什么樣的信息?在討論第三題的答案時(shí)，我們已經(jīng)注意到了，Wignall沒(méi)有提6500萬(wàn)年前恐龍的滅絕是否跟火山爆發(fā)有關(guān)，因?yàn)樵S多科學(xué)家相信恐龍的滅絕是受一顆小行星的影響。這就說(shuō)明，關(guān)于恐龍滅絕的原因在科學(xué)家之間是有爭(zhēng)議的。

5. B。主旨題。問(wèn)題問(wèn)的是：文章的主要論點(diǎn)是什么?答案在文章的之一句：Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history(古代火山更具破壞力)。

part C

1. B。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：在18世紀(jì)的美國(guó)，教授醫(yī)學(xué)的'高等學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)構(gòu) __________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章之一段，可知在18世紀(jì)的美國(guó)，醫(yī)學(xué)院校寥寥無(wú)幾。如果有人想當(dāng)醫(yī)生，就要跟專業(yè)人員私下學(xué)，或者出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。直到1765年，才首次有高等院校正式開(kāi)設(shè)醫(yī)學(xué)課程。

2. D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：最初多數(shù)的私營(yíng)醫(yī)學(xué)院 __________。利用題目順序與段落順序一致的原則和題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第二段中的第二句，即早期的私營(yíng)醫(yī)學(xué)院校大都標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不高，設(shè)備較差。

3. C。細(xì)節(jié)題：AMA and AAMC設(shè)立了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以便 __________。利用題干中的專有名詞可以定位到文章第二段的最后一句，即AMA與AAM制訂了一系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以保證醫(yī)學(xué)教學(xué)與實(shí)踐的質(zhì)量。

4. D。細(xì)節(jié)題。經(jīng)過(guò)一年實(shí)習(xí)的畢業(yè)生可以開(kāi)始 __________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章的最后一段，即醫(yī)學(xué)畢業(yè)生經(jīng)過(guò)一年的實(shí)習(xí)期后，要通過(guò)州或國(guó)家的相關(guān)考試，方可獲取行醫(yī)執(zhí)照。

5. B。主旨題。題干：這篇文章主要是關(guān)于 __________。從文章的題目和內(nèi)容可知，全文重點(diǎn)探討的是美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)教育的歷史沿革。